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Swami Vivekananda was born on Monday, January 12, 1863, on the eve of the festival of Makarsankranti, in the Shimla Palli of the elite Kayastha family in Calcutta. His parents influenced Swami's thinking - his father by his intellectual mind and his mother by his religious disposition. From an early age, he had a passion for spirituality and revelation. Swami Vivekananda's birthday (January 12) is celebrated in India as National Youth Day. His father's name was Vishwanath Dutt and mother's name was Bhuvaneshwari Devi. His childhood name was Narendranath Dutt.
His father Vishwanath Dutt was an attorney in the Calcutta High Court. He was regarded as a liberal man and a progressive man in social and religious matters. His mother Bhuvaneshwari Devi was a pious woman and observed abstinence and worshiped Vireshwar Shiva of Varanasi to give herself a son.
Narendranath started his studies at home but later he joined Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Institute in 1871 and in 1879 he passed the entrance examination.
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He was interested in various subjects and he was a scholar in philosophy, history, sociology, humor, literature and other subjects. He showed keen interest in Vaid, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Ramaman, Mahabharata and Puranas. He was well versed in both singing and instrumental music in classical music. From an early age he took an active interest in physical exercise, sports and other organizational activities. In their youth, they spoke out against hypocritical customs and discrimination based on caste and religion.
Narendranath enrolled at the Presidency College in Calcutta in 1880, and the following year he changed colleges and took admission in the Scottish Church College in Calcutta. During this time he studied Western logic, Western philosophy and the history of European nations. In 1881 he passed the fine arts examination and in 1884 he passed the Vinayan graduation examination.
With Ramakrishna Paramahansa:
From an early age they were interested in spirituality, God-realization and the knowledge of the highest spiritual truths. He studied the various religious and philosophical methods of the East and the West, and he met different religious leaders. He was greatly influenced by the Brahma Samaj, an important socio-religious body of the time. Their early beliefs were shaped by the Brahmo Samaj. Brahmo society believed in a formless God, rejected idolatry, and devoted itself to socio-economic reform. He met leaders of the Brahmo Samaj like Devendranath Tagore and Keshavchandra Sen and questioned them about the existence of God, but they did not get satisfactory answers.
Hearing Ramakrishna's praise of Paramahansa, Narendra first approached him with the idea of logic but Paramahansaji realized that he was the same disciple whom he had been waiting for many days.
His meeting with Ramakrishna Paramahansaji in November 1881 proved to be a turning point in his life. The name of Swami Vivekananda's guru was Ramakrishna Paramahansa. Swamiji did not fully believe in his beginnings. They examine everything about Ramakrishna and finally get his answer.
Narendra Ramakrishna and his ideas could not be accepted, though he could not ignore them. During the five years of training under the guidance of Ramakrishna, Narendra was transformed from a restless confused impatient youth into a mature youth who was ready to give up everything for the sake of God. During this time Narendra accepted Ramakrishna as his guru.
Only at the age of 25, inspired by his guru, he renounced worldly attachments and became a hermit. Swami Vivekananda remained a hermit all his life and worked for the betterment of the society till his last breath. Swami Vivekananda's message inspires people all over the world. In the year 19, he established Ramakrishna Math and Mission - a social service and spiritual institution. Swami Vivekananda is considered to be one of the first nation-builders of India. Other national leaders and thinkers like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhash Chandra Bose, Arvind Ghosh, Radhakrishnan were influenced by his philosophy.
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Ramakrishna contracted throat cancer in 1885 and moved to Kolkata and later to Kosipore. In the last days of Ramakrishna, Vivekananda and some of his followers were given the garments of a hermit by Ramakrishna, who became a hermit of Ramakrishna Math. Vivekananda was taught that service to mankind is the most effective service to God. Ramakrishna's condition gradually deteriorated and he died in the early morning of August 15, 19 at the Garden House in Kosipor. According to his followers, he took Mahasamadhi.
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After Jupiter's death, the monks formed a society under the leadership of Vivekananda with the financial help of the household followers in a semi-ruined house at Baranagor on the banks of river Ganga. It became the first monastery of the followers. These followers became the first followers of Ramakrishna's sect. The dilapidated house at Baranagar was chosen because the place where Ramakrishna was cremated was near Kosipore Ghat and its rent was low. Narendra and other members of the monastery spent their time meditating, discussing various philosophies as well as the teachings of spiritual gurus including Ramakrishna, Shankaracharya, Ramanuja and Jesus Christ. Recalling the early days of the monastery, Narendra said, "We used to do a lot of religious activities at the Baranagor monastery. Early in the morning at 3.00 we would wake up and immerse ourselves in chanting and meditation. What an intense instinct of Vitraga we had in those days! We had no idea whether the world existed or not. "In the early 19's, Narendra and eight other followers took the formal vows of the monastery. Narendra adopted the name Swami Vivekananda.
South India:
At Ernakulam, in early December 1892, he met Chattampi Swamikal, the guru of Narayan Guru. From Ernakulam he traveled to Trivandrum, Nagercoil and on the eve of Christmas in 1892 the Swami at Kanyakumari is said to have meditated for three days while sitting on the "last Indian rock". This rock later became known as the Vivekananda Rock Monument. At Kanyakumari, Vivekananda is said to have had an "idea of one India".
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